siSxxlm\[ siæhA[ ejØx t'J SegkdxjhyjusÌmk' Shl<Íxln\ SdgxÙjH aj]ilykA tÓlujmÙkA eÞkakfH KeSulzjØki'j}kxxf\; siæhA t'k selfkSi eyusÌmk' TfjH svÝkA fdgikA -n\ LmÍjuj}kxxf\; Shl< LujgkdX SvGÙ\ QlSgl finukA ekfju Shl<]o}\ rjGÑj]lyjÓ; equi sel}jØ\ iJÞkA Kgk]jukeSulzj]kduln\ efji\; Shl<DrrikA aMkA SdgxÙjH TÓ t'kfs' eyulA; LfksdlÞ\ ekfjuShl<A do}jsumk]k' CJhajÓ; SinsaæjH equfk sel}jsØmkÙfjsRy dosm svSÝlfdgSal do}nsa'ksÞæjH Lfk svÕksa'kalYfA; ilG]k'fjr\ selfkilu Qgk gJfj dlnk'kÞ\; tæjhkA vjh YelSpCjd iUfUlcÍX dlnlA; QlSgl YeSpCÙ\ h.j]lik' LcAc\d{fic\fk]xksm clßUf[ QlSgl rl}jshukA Lyji\ t'jiuln\ TO iUfjulrÍX]k dlgnA;
ilG]k'fjsRy selfkgJfj" SiÞ goeÙjsRy -d{fj -pUA saqkdjH KÞl]jsumk]kA; LfjrkakdxjH aÏ\ selÙjÌjmjÌjØ\ vkmkA; vkmkSÝlX saqkd\ KgkdjSÌldkA; LSÌlqfjhkÞldk' CorUëhSÙ]\ (saqkdkÞlujgk' *goe*c\FhA) Kgk]ju Shl<A Qqj]kA; fnkÙSC,A vk}aÏ\ dkÙjsÌl}jØ\ *goeA* ekysÙmk]lA; LfjH saqkdjH rjGÑjØ goeA edG'jgj]kA; CIRE PERDU (Lost wax method) t' Tfjsr ahulxÙjH saqkdkgk]j goeakÞl]k' Shl<dhlijpU t'keyuk'k; Tfln\ ilG]k'fjH |MikA YelFajdikA YePlrikA Yevlgikakxx ijpU;
dgkÌjmjÌj]lrkxx saqkdkÞl]k'f\" Sfsêqkd\ 1&2 djShl+sfxxj LFil dkæhUA 1 djShl+fjgjukÞl]lrkxx saqkd\ 300YzlA+-ins]Ï 200 YzlA; -pUA sfxxj (dkæhUA) Kgk]k'k; LfjShu\]\ SfsêqkdkA fjgjukÞl]k' saqkdkA Tmk'k; TO ajYCjfA SiÞijPÙjhkgkdjulH LfjH -ins]Ï SvG]k'k; Qgk eg' elYfÙjH QqjØkiØj}kxx fnkÙ sixxÙjShu\]\ TO ajYCjfA TOgjqSÙlGÙjhosm LgjsØlqj]k'k; sixxÙjH TO ajYCjfA eg'\ Qgk EhdA Selsh dj}kA; TO saqkdkEhdA tÍsr SinsaæjhkA ixu\]lrkA goesÌmkÙlrkA eMju elxjulujgj]kA; -iCUakxxYf elxjdX TÍsr KÞl]jsumk]lA; dkyØk dykÙ selmj saqkdjsRy dosm SvGÙlH LfjsRy ckflgUf dkysØmk]lA; TO saqkdkelxjdxkeSulzjØ\ SiÞ goeÍX rjGÑj]lA;
aÏkselfjuH" saqkdjH SiÞ goeA KÞl]juSC,A Lfjr\ akdxjH aÏk selfjuk'fln\ LmkÙZ}A; ao'k findX&elxjdX -uln\ aÏ\ selfjuk'f\; *Q'lA aÏ\* ixsg ajrkcakxxfkA |MikA svyju fgjdX Kxxfkalujgj]nA; SrgsÙ TfkSelhkeSulzjØ aÏ\ *dgkSilm\* t'SegjH vjhujmÙ\ Lyjuk'kÞ\; Tf\ dhlrjGÑlfl]X coîjØksi]lykÞ\; TfjrkakRe\ ehfin vks}mkÙflujgj]kaSÓl Tf\; LfksdlÞkfs' TO aÏjsRy iq]A TiG]\ YePlraln\; TO *dgkSilm\&KX]gkSilm\* fjdÎk t'k igjÓ; LfjrlH SiÞuxikÞl]lR ekfju aÏ\ dkyØkdomj SvGS]ÞjigkA; *KX]gkSilm\* 60`+eCjaukxx ekfkaÏ\ 15`+ vlndA 25` t'rjhu\]kSvGÙln\ SiÞYf *KX]gkSilm\* KÞl]jsumk]k'f\; TO *Q'lAaÏ\* sixxÙjH dkqsØmkÙ\ saqkdjHfJGÙ dgkijrkakdxjH eoCkA; *Q'lAaÏj*r\ ixsg dkyik drSa elmkxxo; *Qgk rohjqiÏA*t'\ eqa]lG TfjsRy drsÙ]kyjØ\ eyulykÞ\; eoCju aÏ\ KnÍlrrkipj]kA; KnÍj]qjÎlH LfjrkakdxjH *gÞlAaÏ\* selfjulA;
gÞlAaÏjsr vjhujmÙ\ *egjaÏ\* t'k eyulykÞ\; LgjsØmkÙ anH 80`+dxjaÏ\ 20` t'fln\ gÞlA aÏjsRy (egjaÏ\) do}\; rÓ akyk]A dj}lR LSflsmlÌA dkyØ\ vl]kroH],nÍX SvGÙ\ r'luj dkqu\]kA; KnÍj]qjÎ *Q'lAaÏj*sRy ekyÙ\ *gÞlAaÏ\* selfjukA; *gÞlAaÏ\ ekxjækgk drÙjH (3&4 Tù\) selfjulA; sel}jsØmkÙ svyju aNdh],nÍX *gÞlA aÏj*sRy ekyÙk ejmjÌjØ\ Lfjsr >hiÙl]lA; Q'kdomj >hsÌmkÙlR iÏAdkyÎ dÝjukeSulzjØ\ *gÞlAaÏj*sRy ekyÙ\ -iCUakxxSelsh sd}kdukA svÕlykÞ\; eh rl}jhkA rÓ siujhkxx Qgk pjicsÙ Kn]ln\ gÞlAaÏjrk eyuk'f\; gÞlAaÏjrk akdxjH LiclrsÙ elxjulu *ao'lA aÏ\* selfjukA;
ao'lA aÏjrkSiÞj dhlrjGÑlflijsRy ssdujH (SrgSÙ KeSulzjØf\ coîjØk iØj}kxxf\) Kxx *dgkSilmj*SrlsmlÌA dxjaÏkASvGÙ ajYCjfakÞldkA; SaulrkeSulzj]k' Qlm\ selmjsØmkÙ\ aÏl]jSvG]kA; gÞlaÏjsRy ekyÙkxx ijxxhkdxmu\]kduln\ ao'lAaÏjsRy YePlr PGÑA; 1&4 Tùk drÙjH Tfk ejmjÌjØlH afj; t'lH vjh dhlrjGÑlfl]X]\ asMlg.jYeluakÞ\; gÞlA aÏ\ 1&2 Tù\ drÙjhlsnæjH ao'lA aÏjr\ Qgjùk drA Sinsa'fln\ - rl}yji\;
KX]gk" LdA[ ekyA[ dkqjdX t'jÍsrukxx ic\fk]X]kÞldkA; Kpl<gnA Kgkxj[ vjhÝ\[ djÞj akfhlui; Tiu\]\ KX]gk -iCUaln\; TfjrkSiÞ dgkSilm\ (aÏksdlÞkxx dgk) SrgSÙ KÞl]juSelsh dhlrjGÑlfl]xksm ssdujH TfjrkeSulzjØ vk}aÏkA (dgkSilm\) dxjaÏkA vlndikA sdlÞkfs' KÞl]jsumk]k'k; TfjsRy ejmkÙA vlndÙjsRy LxiksdlÞln\ YdaJdgj]k'fSYf; QgkdjShlYzlA *dgkSilmj*sRy dosm 500 YzlA dxjaÏ\ (svÑÏ\) SvG]k'k; TO ajYCjfÙjsRy LxijsRy 1&4 .lzA vlndikA SvGÙlH rÓ KX]gkijrkxx dgkSilm\ KÞl]lA; Tf\ dgkÌjmjÌj]lR dmØjH -iCUaksÞæjH flf\dlhjdalujSÌlhkA KÞl]jsumk]lik' dmØjHuYïA fgsÌmkÙkA; c\Fjgaluj ilG]k' ëhÙ\ Ligksm e]H dmØjH uYïakÞldkA; KgkxjSelhkxxiu\]\ LfjsRy -d{fjuksm aßUÙjhosm Qgk Shl<pé\ (LØjgkÝ\) dmÙjiu\]kA; LØjgkÝjsRy gÞYzikA dmØjH uYïÙjH ejmjÌjØ\ r'luj dy]Ù]ijPÙjH Qgk]kA; LÍsr dyÍk' goeA ssdsdlÞ\ r'luj ajrkcsÌmkÙjukA goesÌmkÙjukA *dgkÌjmjÌj*]kA;
d{fUaluj dgkÌjmjÌjØ KX]gkijsRy akqkiR .lzÙkA dkMaM gJfjujH saqkdkelxjukeSulzjØ\ selfjukA; saqkdkYefhA KX]gkijSrlm\ r'luj ejmjØkrjH]lR -iCUsa'kSfl'k' ëhÍxjshÓlA -Ì\ -d{fjujhkxx eg' Shl<ulnjdX (dgkilnj svÝkfdjm\ si}jsumkÙkeSulzj]lykÞ\) duMkA; KX]gkijH >haluj ejmjØkrjH]lrkxx rJxA LfjrkÞlujgj]nA; aÏjsRy KX]gk Kxxjhkxx TO saqkdkgoeÙjrk ekyÙ\ SrgSÙ eglaGCjØSelsh ao'k findX&fhÍX -uj *aÏ\* selfjÎkejmjÌj]kA; LfjrkSC,A goeÙjsRy gÞk.lzÙluj QlSgl fkxukÞl]jiu\]kA; vkmkSÝlX saqkd\ KgkdjSÌldlrkA Kgk]juShl<A Qqj]lrkA eMk' ijPÙjhln\ fkxdX rjGÑj]k'f\; *dgk* voml]kSÝlX Lfjsh akqkiR saqkdkA KgkdjSÌlsu'\ KyÌluSC,Sa Kgk]ju Shl<A Qqj]lR elmkxxo; *dgk*ijrk rHdjuj}kxx gÞkpIlgÍxjhosm Srl]julH vk}keqkÙ KX]gkdlnlrldkA; KX]gkijsRy LdÙkAekyÙkA drH]}uksm rjyA dj}k'isg vkmnA; LfkyÌkigkÙlH *dgk* Tmu\]jmu\]\ voxujH egjSClPj]nA;
vox ixsg hxjfA akfH dkSy cæJGÏalu voxdX isg Shl<dhlrjGÑlfl]X KÞl]lykÞ\; YelSpCjd iUfjulrÍxkA dlnlA; |MikA hxjfalusul'\ fyujH Qgk dkqjukÞl]j - dkqjuksm ili}A fkxdxkxx aNEhdA sdlÞ\ aomjukÞl]k'fln\; svyju ihjÌakxxfkA LPjdA ZrajÓlÙfkalu *dgk* vks}mk]lR tijsm SinsaæjhkA Tf\ txkÌÙjhkÞl]jsumk]lA;
aÏjH dkqjukÞl]j LfjsRy ili}A fkxdxkxx aNEhdA sdlÞk aomjufjrkSC,A - aNEhdÙjsRy LgjdjHrj'\ Srsg akdxjShu\]\ QgkakyjSelsh T,\mjdiØ\ .jÙj sd}jsÌl]kA; Qgk.jÙj Qqjil]j ao'k .jÙjdX alYfSa sd}kdukxxo; rlhlasÙ .jÙj]k edgA tmkÙkalMlik' (fky]lik' QgkilfjH Selsh) aNEhdAiu\]kA; .jÙj]kakdxjH fkxdxkxx aNEhdA sdlÞ\ SaH]ogukÞl]kA; *dkqj* ijydksi]lrkxx LmkÌln\; fJujH (drhjH) aNEhdÙjrkdJsq v}j (Sdli)ujH Shl<],nÍxj}\ voml]j Lf\ Kgk]jsumk]lA; LmkÌjsRy ihjÌarkcgjØ\ v}jdXiu\]lA; SiÞYf Shl<A LÍsr Kgk]jsumk]lA; eÞkdlhÙ\ v}j aÏksdlÞlnkÞl]jujgk'f\; v}j gÞld{fjujhkÞl]lykÞ\; il akqkiR fky' Qgk elYfA SelshukA il edkfj LmØ QgkelYfA SelshukA; Kgk]ju Shl<A aoCujShu\]\ edGs'lqj]lR eMkAijPA dkqH Selhkxx Qgk.lzA (djÞjuksm akgH Selsh)vjhfjr\ KÞl]lykÞ\; eÞ\ dykÙ dxjaÏ\[ ilu\S]lH[ vl]kroh\ t'jisdlÞ\ v}jdX KÞl]jujgk'k; T'\ Tf\ LÍlmjujH Samj]lR dj}kA;
dÙk' fJujHÙs' v}j iu\]kSÝlX Lfjsh Shl<A Kgkdk'SflsmlÌA fJ[ fkxdxkxx aNEhdÙjhosm akdxjShu\]kugkA; - EhdÌkyÙ\ *dgk*iØlH fJrlxAsdlÞ\ Lf\ vk}kdj}kA; Lfjsh saqkd\ Kgkdj Tmu\]jmu\]\ aoCujsh saqkd\ akqkiR KgkdjSÌlsu'\ Srl]j KyÌl]lA; aoCujsh akqkiR saqkdkA KgkdjSÌlulH Lf\ vk}keqkÙkdjm]kSÝlX sdlmjHsdlÞ\ ekySÙu\s]mkÙ\ Shl<salqj]lR eMk'ijPÙjH KyÌj]kA; Kgk]j fÕlyl]ju Shl<A sdlmjH sdlÞ\ v}jSulsm tmkÙ\ aoCujShu\]\ Qqj]lA; Qgk fkxujhosm QqjØ\ aSM fkxujhosm Lf\ r'luj ekyÙkigkSÝlX Shl<A LfjH rjyÎfluj dn]l]lA; Lf\ rjyÎk t'\ KyÌkigkÙjuSC,A LïgJSîl,\alijShu\]\ cliPlrA fnkÙkiglrrkipj]kd; r'luj fnkÙSC,A ekyÙk eoCjuj}kxx aÏ\ fÓjsÌl}jØ\ Shl<goeA ekysÙmk]lA; goeÙjH gldhkA ajrk]hkAsvu\f\ Lfjsr .Azjul]lA; vjhSÌlX SrGÙ ssrYmjd\ -cj/\ hlurjujH ak]j fjx]A sdlmk]lykÞ\; LSflsm goerjGÑlnA eoGÙjuluj;
(ehSÌlqluj eh Shl<dhlrjGÑlfl]X eyÎkA dlnjØkA f'j}kxx ijigA)
