YeeùÙjsh tÓl eplGöÍxkA iluk[ Lz\rj[ whA[ t'J rlh\ Lmjëlr LACÍX SvG'flsn'\ Lgjc\SMl}jH ijCIcjØk; TO LACÍxjH gÞ\ CíjdX YeiGÙj]k'k; .oaj]kA sixxÙjrkakxx flq\'k Seldlrkxx Yeinf LFil[ zkgkfIldG,nA; ejs' ilukijrkA Lèj]kakxx selÍj Seldlrkxx Yeinf LFil[ hlZiA; YeeùÙjhmÍjujgj]k' tÓlA[ YpiUikA Cíjdxkal]js]lÞkxx TO ij.wrA T'kA YeSulzÙjhkÞ\;
YpiUA Qgk fkmGØulsn'\ Lgjc\SMl}jH ijCIcjØk; Lfluf\ rak]\ Qgk eplGöÙjsRy d,nsÙ Qgk egjPjukajÓlsf tYf SinsaæjhkA svykfl]lA; Trj svykfl]lR iÕ t' Liëujhkxx Qgk eplGöÙjsRy fgjujSh]\ rak]\ Qgk]hksaÙlR dqjukdujÓ; t'lH s/SalYdjMcjsr Selsh vjh YzJ]kdlG[ YpiUA Yed{fUl fgjSulmkdomjuflsn'kA tÓl ic\fk]xkA iUfUc\f fgÙjhkxx *-MÍX* SvG'flsn'kA ilpjØk; (-MA t'lH YzJ]k .l,ujH Lij.lwUA t'lnGöA) roMlÞkdSxlxA TO ilpYefjilpA[ gÞk .lzÙkA Cgjulu sfxjikdxjÓlsf fkmG'k; esî 1803H Y>J}J,\ gcfYïôrkA .Ofjd Clc\Yfôrkalu SwlN /lH}N glceplGöÍX Qgk YeSfUd LrkelfÙjhln\ cASulwj]k'f\ t' ic\fkf -MÍX domjSØG'k fêlYfdX t' |ddA Kmshmk]kduln\ t'jÍsr ijCpJdgj]lsa'\ voÞjdl}j; tæjhkA gÞ\ vjïleßfjdX fÑjhkxx ilpYefjilpA Lïjaaluj -MA ilpjdX]rkdohaluj ëlej]sÌ}f\ TO roMlÞjsRy -pUiG,Íxjhln\; Tfjrluj ixsg YePlrsÌ} .Ofjd sfxjikdxjshl'\ rHdjuf\ stRc\MJrln\; 1905 H Yecjßalu -SeîjdcjßlïsÙÌMjukxx Ye>áÙjr\ |flrkA -q\vdX]kakÝ\ tqkfju Qgk Ye>áÙjH[ Y>OnjuR vhrA % Qgk YplidÙjH LGßhlurjuluj djm]k' svyju selmj dnjddxksm LiUiëjfalu LÍkajÍkakxx vhrA%YplidÙjsRy Lnk]X selmjdnjddxkaluj do}jak}k'fjsRy Ehalsn'\ ijCpJdgj]lsa'\ stRc\MJR voÞj]l}j;
TfjrjmujHÙs' Lnk]X ij.wj]lrlilÙfÓ t' cACuA KuG'jgk'k; dkSy iG,ÍX]kakÝk fs' dlAY>j/\wjsh YmjrjMjSdlSxwjsh sESÓl -ujgk' sw;sw; SflAcN[ |MikA hZkilu LnkijsRy -ujgÙjshlgACA alYfA ejéakxx Thd\SYmlN t'k ijxj]k' Qgk dnjduksÞ'\ sfxjujØjgk'k; -Pkrjd smhjij,R ejd\vG mUo>\ Selhkxx Qgk cAijPlraln\ LSÔ<A KeSulzjØf\" vk}keqkÙ Qgk Shl<ØkgkX Thd\SYmlnkdX ekyÙkijmk'k; Li]\ WnssipUkfj vlGwkxxfjrlH Qgk ssipUkfaéhA KeSulzjØ\ SElc\EG eoCju Qgk ayujSh]\ LfjSizA eluj]kilR dqjukA; ayujH f}kSÝlX YedlCÙjsRy Qgk aj'hkÞldk'k; flacjulsf[ TO Thd\SYmlnkdX igk'f\ Lnk]xjH rj'k fs'ulsn'\ arc³jhlikdukA[ QmkijH 1911H |nc\M\ yofGSEl/\ t' Y>j}J,\ .Ofjd Clc\YfôR eplGöÍxksm Lnkijr\ Qgk -ïgjd ZmruksÞ'\ sfxjuj]kdukA svu\fk; Lnk]X Lfjcoî\aÍxlu SelcjMJi\ vlGÐkxx LnkSdYòÍxkA LfjrkvkMkA Y.anA svÕk' Thd\SYmlnkdxkA SvG'fln\; Sy/jSul -d\mJi\ Lnk]X ekyÙkijmk' Pr vlGwkxx dnjddxlu -HEl dnjddX aM\ Lnk]xkaluj do}jak}kSÝlqkÞlik' iUfjvhrgJfj LeYzFjØ\ LSÔ<A TO rjzarÙjshÙjSØG'k;
Thd\SYmlnkdxkA iUfUc\f tÏA Pr vlGÐkxx SYelS}lN (-pUSÙf\ t' LGöA igk' YzJ]kepalnjf\; YpiUÙjsRy |MikA LmjëlrZmdalnjsf'ln\ dgkfujgk'f\) t'k ijxj]k' dnjddxkA SvG'fln\ LnkSdYòA t'ln\ -pUA dgkfjujgk'f\; t'lH LnkSdYòÙjH SYelS}lnjsRy LSf ejéikA ssipUkf vlGÐjÓlÙfkalu rUoSYmlN t' asMlgk dnjduksÞ'\ 1932 H SdAY>j/\wjH yofGSEl/jsRy c<YeiGÙdrlujgk' wujAc\ vl/\ijd\ dÞkejmjØk; TO dÞkejmkÙÙjr\ vl/\ij]jr\ Srl>H cÑlrA h.j]kdukA SdAY>j/\wjH (TSÌlX BlR sEShl -ujgj]k' SdlSxw\) alc\MG QlE\ SzlNijÓj -Ry\ dluc\ SdlSxw\ -uj fjgsÎmk]sÌmkdukA svu\fk; ej'Jm\[ sEShldxkalukÞlu L.jYeluiUfUlcA dlgnA LSÔ<A TO epijujH rj'kA glwjsiØk; ukßÙjrkSC,A fjgjsØÙju Qgk cAZA ekfju sEShldX equ sEShldsx[ SdlSxwjH LiG vjgdlhaluj i<jØjgk' epijdxjHrj'kA fjgsÎmkÌjhosm ekyÙl]jufk akfH SdlSxwjH goîalu fG]A rjhrj'jgk'k; Lf\ tsRy dlhÙjrk akÝlujgk'k; BlR 1965 %H TO LcIlgcUÍxksm ilhMÙln\ SdlSxwjH SvG'f\; LSÌlqkA Srl>H cÑlr Swflilu cG srijH Sal}\ t' alc\MG]\ calralu L.jYelu iUfUlcÍX dlgnA glwjsiS]Þji'k;
|dSpCA 20 sdlÓÍX]k akÝkisg SYelS}lnkdxkA rUoSYmlnkdxkaln\ LmjëlrdnjddX t'ln\ dgkfsÌ}jgk'f\; esî SYelS}lnkdxkA LsÓæjH Thd\SYmlnkdxkA LfjSizfujH do}jujmjÌj]k' egJînÍX Li ejs'ukA svyju dnjddX SvG'kÞluflsn'\ covjÌjØk; TO dnjddsx dlHsm]jsh .OfjdClc\Yfôrlu aksy wHalR dIlG]kdX t'k ijxjØk; Liuksm e_rÍX]\ 1969 H LSÔ<Ùjr\ Srl>H cÑlrA h.jØk; TO SegjsRy KõiA wujAc\ Swlu\cjsRy *alc\MG alG]jrk ao'\ dlG]\@ t' ijvjYfalu Qgk KßgnjujH rj'ln\; dIlG]\ t' il]\ dIlG}\ t'ln\ KØgjS]Þsf'ln\ dgkfsÌmk'f\[ T u\]\ edgA K -snæjhkA; t'lH[ clPlgn KØgj]lykxxf\ hlG]\ Selshuln\;
dlG]kdX iUfUc\falu eh fgÙjhkxxiuln\; Ti vkgkÍjuf\ -y\ *gkvj*dxjH KsÞ'ln\ dgkfsÌmk'f\; Lisu KuG' flq\'[ ijvjYfA[ iCUA[ LmjiCA[ akdXiCA t'jÍsruln\ ijxj]k'f\; QlSgl gkvjukA ao'\ rjyÍxjH igk'k; vkiÌ\[ eØ[ rJh (TO SegkdsxÓlA siykA Sh>hkdX alYfalsn'\ YeSfUdA tmkÙ\ eySuÞfkÞ\; dlG]kdX p{CUYedlCÙjhkA ixsg dkyÎ fgAzsspGZUakxxiuln\ LfjrlH egjvjfalu LGöÙjH rjyÍsxl'kA fs'ujÓ; ejs'[ -Pkrjd .Ofjd Clc\Yfw\BG ekfju dnjddX]kA Yefj.lcÍX]kA Segjmk'fjH domkfH .lirlcÝ'glsn'\ Sfl'k'k; T]lgUÙjH LiG cIuA YzJ]\ .l,ujH QfkÍj]omk'jÓÂ) Qgk SYelS}lN LsÓæjH rUSYmlN[ QlSgl rjyÙjhkxx ao'\ dlG]kdxmÍjufln\; Qgk SYelS}lnjH gÞ\ KuG' dlG]kdxkA Qgk flq\' dlG]kdxkakÞ\[ Qgk rUoSYmlnjH gÞ\ flq\'fkA Qgk KuG'fkA; rak]\ aM\ dlG]kdxmÍju (ijvjYfA[ iCUA[ LmjiCA[ akdXiCA) dnjddX c{,\mj]lik'fln\; esî Tis]ÓlA ixsg domkfH ejéakxxfksdlÞ\ LfjSizA SYelS}lnkdxkA rUoSYmlnkdxkaluj ijZmj]k'k;
LnkSil Lfjrkxxjsh SYelS}lSnl rUoSYmlSnl Lij.lwUÍxsÓ'\ TSÌlX rak]yjulA; LSÌlqkpj]k' SvlpUajfln\" |fln\ cGÖ ic\fk]xkA c{,\mj]sÌ}j}kxx Lmjëlr rjGÑln ic\fkilu aohdnjd# YedlCÙjsRy fgAzsspGZUA Qgk LnkijsRy ihkÌSÙ]lX ixsg ihkflufjrlH Qgk LnkijsRy .lzÍX clPlgn gJfjujH *Srl]j]lnl*sa' Sal<A SiÞ; Lfjr\ rak]\ ixsg fgAzsspGZUA dkyÎ tsïæjhkA SinA; dqjÎ LßUluÙjH dÞSelsh[ tÓl coî\adnjddxkA ilc\fiÙjH fgAzÍxlsn'kA Liuksm KOGÐA domkASflykA fgAzsspGZUA dkyuk'ksi'kA KOGÐdn>hfYïA eyuk'k; LfjrlH rÑksm SvlpUÙjrkxx |MikA rÓ KÙgA[ tYf KuG' dnjSdlGÐA rak]\ KeSulzj]lR dqjukA t'kxxfjsr -YCujØjgj]k'k; dlgnA[ Tfln\ tYfdÞ\ coî\aalu LxijH rak]\ dlnkilR dqjukA t'\ rjGÏuj]k'f\; TO dnjSdlGÐA clPlgn Lx]k'f\ Thd\SYmlN SilX}\ t' uonjMjhln\; (Thd\SYmlnkdX sdlÞkxx SflAcNsRy egJînÍxjH Thd\SYmlnkdxksm Sizf iGßjÌj]kilR LSÔ<A ssipUkfaéhA KeSulzjØk t'\ rlA dÞk; Qgk SilX}\ ssipUkf aéhÙjH rj'kA Qgk Thd\SYmlnjr\ h.j]k' KOGÐaln\ Thd\SYmlN SilX}\;) 19%lA roMlÞjH[ fJ dÙH akfhlu glcYeiGÙrÍxjH Kh\elpjÌj]sÌmk' |flrkA Thd\SYmlN SilX}\ KOGÐA alYfA KeSulzj]lryjulalujgk' dlhÙ\[ |MikA svyju ic\fk Lnkilsn'\ dgkfjSÌl'k; yofGSEl/jsRy egJînÙjhlds}[ dnjddxksm KOGÐA pChîdn]jr\ Thd\SYmlN SilX}ln\; dkSy]omj LmkÙ dlhÙ\[ -pU Sdlmj]n]jrkA ej'Jm\ CfSdlmj]n]jrkA Thd\SYmlN SilX}\ dnjSdlGÐA Kh\elpjÌj]lR SiÞ ssipUkf aéhA ssddlgUA svÕlR rlA e_jØk dqjÎk; LÍsr[ 20 sdlÓA akÝ\ Lmjëlr dnjdsx'k dgkfjujgk'i LfjhkA svyju dnjddX SvG'iulsn'\ rlA arc³jhl]j; TrjukA domkfH domkfH KuG' KOGÐÙjSh]\ dm]kSÝlX Ti iJÞkA svyju dnjddX SvG'iulsn'\ igkSal# fJGØulukA LÍsr -uj]osm'jÓ[ tæjhkA Lïjaalu Yed{fjuksm rjGÑln ic\fk]sxÌMjukxx Lyji\ rak]\ h.jØk[ LFil rlA LfjsRy ixsgumksÙÙjujgj]k'k t'\ ijCIcj]kilR SiÞ vjh sscßlïjd dlgnÍX rak]yjulA;
