TïUujsh T'sÙ cl<vgUÙjH Scl,UhjcA YelSulzjdaÓ t' SwUlfj>ckijsð Yec¹lir |sy ijaGCrÍX înjØkigkÙjujgj]k'k; riakfhlxjÙÙjsð do}js]lmkÌkdlgsð LiëlS.paluj TO Yec¹lirsu vjYfJdgj]lR ehG]kA amj dÞjÓ; LSÔ<Ùjsð ilpzfjdsx ejïknØkA L.jYeluÍX PlglxA; TïUujsh dÑUonjì\ YeëlrÍX Srgjmk' sscßlïjdalu Qgk Yefjcájuln\ >ckijsð Yec¹lir c{,¶jØ Sdlhl<hA t'\ Lmjëlregaluj iUlDUlrj]lR clPj]kA; dlq\ØÌlmkdxjsh .j'f Qgk Yec¹lirujH alYfA QfkÍk'fÓ; >Azlxjsh Tmfkak'nj .gnÙjsð aohPSrlêkDalu ixGØlrmemjdX[ SdgxÙjsh cj;ej;tÑjsh ij.lzJufuksm sscßlïjdalu iCÍX[ SdYòÙjsh SdlNYzc³\ .gnsÙ rjhrjGÙjs]lÞkfs' Lfjsr tfjGS]Þjigk' ëjfjijSC,A% TisuÓlA TïUuksm T'sÙ glY,¶JuaéhÙjsh TmfkeîiJînÙjsð Yefjcájuksm YefjEhrÍX alYfA;
TïUujsh Scl,UhjcsÙ]kyjØkÒ Qgk vGØ fkmÍnsaæjH Scl,UhjcÙjsð ijijP clPUfdsx]kyjØkÒ S>lPUA -iCUaln\; Kpl<gnÙjr\ srY<kijsð dlhÙ\ TïU ejïkmG'jgk' .gnruÍsx Scl,Uhjcsa' ij.lzÙjH semkÙlSal# LÍsrsuæjH[ L'sÙ dÑUonjì\ elG}jdX srY<kijHrj'\ Scl,Uhjì\ dlq\ØÌlmjsð |fkfhÙjhln\ ij.j'alujgk'f\# cIJ/rjH efjMlÞkdxluj ejïkmG'kSelgk' Scl,UhjcikA equ SclijuM\ uonjurjsh Scl,UhjcikA fÑjhkÒ ssiegJfUA sscßlïjdaluj tÍsr iUlDUlrj]kilR clPj]kA# ssvrujHÙs'[ alSiluksm dlhsÙ .gnrjGÖ<nikA[ T'sÙ dlq\ØÌlmkdxkA Scl,Uhjcsa' Qgk dkm]JqjH LnjrjgÙlR clPj]kSal# Scl,UhjcsÙ]kyjØkÒ TÙgA SvlpUÍX t'kA Yecíaln\;
TÙgA SvlpUÍX -pUA rHdk' covr[ Scl,UhjcA t'kÒf\ ixsg ijClhalu Qgk dlq\ØÌlmln\ t'kÒfln\; d{fUalu -CucA<jfuksm flxkdxjHrj'\ |sy Ld'jgj]k'fln\ Lfjsð ijClhf; Tijsmuln\ dÑUonjcA t' -CuA Scl,UhjcÙjHrj'\ SiGsemk'f\; TïUujsh dÑUonjì\ elG}jdX ejïkmgk'f\ YePlralukA shrjrjì\ dÑUonjcaln\; Lfjsð d{fUalu -Cuv}]omkdxjHrj'\ sixjujhln\ Scl,UhjcA t' LmjëlrYealnÙjsð rjhrjHÌ\; Kpl<gnÙjr\[ fjdØkA akfhlxjÙiUiëjfj ejïkmgk' LSagj]R stdUrlmkdxjH[ iÝR clÝÙjdYefjcájuksm dlhZ}ÙjH (1929%1935) Yecj/ðlujgk' yoc\siHM\ rmÌjhl]ju @rUo /JH@ ruÍX[ Scl,UhjcÙjsð LmjëlrYealnÍxksm ixsg iUíalu rmÌjhl]hlujgk'k; L'\[ akfhlxjÙ clÝÙjdiUiëjfjuksm rjhrjHÌ\[ Scl,Uhjì\ ruÍxksm rmÌjhl]hjsr fmc³sÌmkÙjujÓ; akfhlxjÙikA Scl,UhjcikA Q'jØkrjhrjH]jÓ t' Plgn ekhGÙk' fJYi TmfkeîÙjsð dlq\ØÌlmjHrj'\ |sy ijpogalujgk'k - cA.iA;
akfhlxjÙA[ fjdØkA Qgk clÝÙjdgJfjuln\; Scl,Uhjcalds}[ Qgk clao<jdruegjelmjukA; dÑUonjcalds}[ clÝÙjdgJfjukA clao<jdruÍxkA Q'lujijx]jSØG]k' glY,¶JuiUiëjfjukA; TmfkeîYeëlrÍxksm -CuYPkiJdgnÙjsð ij.j'alu Kpl<gnÍX vgjYfA dmsÎmkÙkrHdjufjsð aohdlgnA Ti ao'jSðukA rjGÖvregalu (by definition) TO SiGfjgjiln\; akfhlxjÙ clÝÙjdgJfjujH Scl,Uhjì\ ruegjelmjdX rmÌjhl]jufjsð Kpl<gnalujgk'k @rUo /JH@; Lijsm[ cao<Ùjsð LmjëlrclÝÙjdgJfj akfhlxjÙA fs'ulujgk'k; eSî[ ziNsaðjsð ruegjelmjdX Scl,UhjìkA; LmkÙdlhÙ\ ssvrJc\ ziNsað\ SYelñl<jÌj]k' clÝÙjdgJfjukA akfhlxjÙA fs';
alGd³jcÙjH[ Scl,UhjcA t'kÒf\ akfhlxjÙÙjrkA dÑUonjcÙjrkA TmujhkÒ Qgk elhaln\; TO elhA dm]lsf dÑUonjì\ iUiëjfj rmÌjhl]kd LclPUA; alGd³juR vjïlzfjdxjsh @-iCUlrkc{fA h.UA@(To Everyone According to His Need) t' dÑUonjì\ -e¹ildUikA @dGÑlrkc{fA h.UA@(To Everyone According to His Work) t' Scl,Uhjì\ -e¹ildUikA fÑjhkÒ iUfUlcA YCßj]kd; TO iJînÍxjsh LïgA ixsg YePlrsÌ}fln\; dlgnA[ akfhlxjÙikaluj c<iGÙj]lR Scl,UhjcÙjr\ clPj]k'f\ TO LïgA akSDruln\; dlgnA[ akfhlxjÙÙjsð aohZmdÍxlu aohPrikA sflqjhkA Scl,UhjcÙjsh sflqjhkaluj QÙkSvgk'k;
egjeoGÏalu dÑUonjì\ -Cuzfjdxkaluj QÙkSvglÙ -Cualn\ cIdlgUcIÙ\; akfhlxjÙfjsð LmjëlrYealnikA Tfkfs'; @cIdlgUcIÙ\ Sal,nA@(Property is theft) t'k Yec¹lijØ YeoPsð(Proudhon) vjïSulm\ SvG'krjH]k'fln\ dÑUonjcA; selfkwr wrlPjefUA rjhrjH]k' glwUÍxjH dÑUonjcA t' -CuA Scl,UhjcÙjsð ijijPSflfkdX(different scales of Socialism) alYfaluj ShlejØkSeldlrkÒ YePlrdlgnA cIdlgUcIÙjr\ LÙgA cao<ÍxjhkÒ cIJdlgUfuln\; daUonjcÙjsð Lmjëlregalu >h<Jrf cIdlgUcIÙjsð alrk,jdalu -iCUdfsu LAzJdgj]k'fjhkÒ sscßlïjdalu ijakDfulsn'fjH cACuj]lrjÓ; Qgk ark,UR wrj]kSÝlX[ tÓlÙgA Yed{fjcÝÙkA aMkÒ wJijdSxlmkA ark,USglmkA eæksiu\]lR LulX rjG>ájfrln\; dlgnA[ cIïaluj LulX Q'kA sdlÞki'j}jÓ; eSî[ wJijfÙjH cIïA Yei{ÙjdX iqj LulX rjGÑj]k'sfïkA Qgk iUíjuksm LidlCalsn'fln\ cIdlgUcIÙjsð dlfhlu vjïlgJfj; Kpl<gnÙjr\[ ark,UR t' wJiju\]\ TO ShldÙjH svÕlR dqjuk' QSgsulgk dGÑA agA iØkejmjÌj]lrkA agA .îj]lrkA agA rCjÌj]lrkalsn'k cæHÌj]kd; Qgk iUíjuksm wJijfÙjH LÕlX royk agA iØkejmjÌj]kdukA[ eÙkagA .îjØkfJG]kdukA[ TgkefkagA rCjÌj]kdukA svu¹lH[ tqkefkagÙjsð LidlCA LulxkSmfk alYfalsnrln\ cIdlgUcIÙjsð rjGÖvrA; TO tqkefkagÍxjH LulX]\ LidlCajsÓ'k eyuk'f\ Lulxksm dGÑÙjsrfjSgukÒ LrJfjuln\;
Qgk cao<Ùjsð rjhrjHÌjrlPlgA QlSgl ark,UiUíjukSmukA ssidlgjdikA ClgJgjdikalu rjhrjHÌln\; ssidlgjdalu rjhrjHÌ\ iUíj>áÍxjhosm ark,UR Srmjsumk]k'k; ClgJgjdalu rjhrjHÌ\ sflqjhkdxjhosm LiR dsÞÙk'k; siykA ClgJgjdalu rjhrjHÌjrkSiÞj QglX svSÕÞjigk' dGÑÙjsð Lxi\ fkShlA dkyiln\; t'lH ark,Ucao<Ùjsð ixGØukA(progress)[ QSgl iUíjukA - ixGØSulsmlÌA Q}jrjH]lrkA - ixGØsu SYelñl<jÌj]lrkA rmÙk' YCaÍxln\ vgjYfÙjhosmukÒ ark,Usð LßIlrÍxjH |yjueækA; ixglrkÒ fIg ark,Ur\ ssrc³Gzÿjdaln\(natural); Lisð wJrkdxjH - fIg ekxu\]k'k; eSî[ - fIgsu f{e¹jsÌmkÙlrkÒ YCaÍX]\ Yed{fj ClgJgjdalu Qgk YefjEhA(incentive) rHdk'jÓ; aMk wJijdxjHrj'kÒ Qgk iUfjulralnjf\; ssidlgjdalu YefjEhÍX fkøikA; Lijsmuln\[ cIdlgUcIsÙ' cæHÌÙjhosm ark,UR Lisð YeiGÙrÍX]\ YefjEhA dsÞÙkd; amj domlsf dqjikdX KeSulzj]lrkÒ Qgk YefjEhaln\(incentive) cIdlgUcIsÙ'k eyulA; ixGØu\]kA Sr}ÙjrkA -iCUalu KHÌlprA akfhlxjÙÙjSh clPUaldo t'k covjÌj]k' Yec¹lirdsx TO sixjØÙjH SinA dlnkilR; TO aOhjdcfUA alGd³\ LAzJdgjØfln\; LfksdlÞln\[ d{Yfjaalu Qgk L}jayjujhosm akfhlxjÙsÙ rCjÌj]lrlijÓ t'\ LSÔ<A vjïjØf\; ClYc¹JuScl,UhjcÙjH[ akfhlxjÙÙjsð eglwuA LfjrkÒjsh ssigkßUAsdlÞkfs' cA.ij]nA; LfjrkSiÞj[ KHÌlprikA ixGØukA ark,Urk Spl,S<fkiluj egjnaj]nA; - Z}A isg[ akfhlxjÙÙjsð LmjëlrYealnA[ ark,Usð ixglrkÒ fIguln\; TO iJînA zOgialuj tmk]kilR eh Tmfkeî]lG]kA dqjuk'jÓ;
ShldÙjsð eh YeSpCÍxjhkA dÞkigk' rlSmlmjiGzÿÍX[ Legj,\d{fiACÍX(tribals) t'jisg egjSClPjØlH[ LfjwJirÙjrkaÌkyA rjH]k' YeiÙrÍxksm cIlPJrÙjsð L.liA ixsg iUíaluj dlnkilR dqjukA; TÙgA cao<ÍxjH sflqjhkdX LfjwJirÙjrkSiÞjukÒfk alYfaln\; TÙgA cao<Íxjsh ark,UG]\ wrjfdaluj rÑsxSÌlhkÒ cao<Íxjsh ark,Ugkaluj iUfjulraksÞ'\ -G]kA eyulrlijÓ; dqjikdxkA >kßjukA wrjfdaluj |sy]ksy fkhUsa'jgjS][ egj,\d{f cao<ÍxkA Legj,\d{fcao<ÍxkA fÑjhkÒ Lïgsaïln\# wJijfgJfjdX fs'; LfjwJiSrlêkDalu sflqjhkdxkA Liujho'jukÒ wJijfgJfjdxkA rjGÑjsØmk]k' clao<jdiUiëujH ijdlSclêkDalu alrk,jdfIgdX]\ znUf h.j]k'jÓ; dlgnA[ ijdlSclêkDalu YeiGÙrÍX tSÌlqkA Qgk YefjEhA LSrI,jØksdlÞjgj]kA; YefjEhÙjsð L.liÙjH[ LÙgA YeiGÙÍxksm YelPlrUA ejïÒsÌmk'k[ ijc±gj]sÌmk'k;
akfhlxjÙA[ Scl,UhjcA t' ffIvjïlzfjdX]kaÌkyÙ\[ ark,Usr' wJij cIuA rjGÑjsØmk]k' clao<jd -ilciUiëuksm vjh -nj]ÓkdxkÞ\; Tisu eyjØkalMlR -G]kA dqjujÓ; eSî[ Tiu\]kSiÞk' >phkdX (substitutes) c{,¶j]lR ark,Urk dqjsÎ'jgj]kA; Kpl<gnÙjr\[ dkmkA>A t' -CuA tmk]kd; Qgk dkmkA>Ùjsh ic¹kiddX selfkiln\; LÌR a]X]kSiÞj Swlhj svÕk'k; Tijsm cA.ij]k'f\[ ark,Usð asMlgk ssrc³GzÿjdfIgulu Scº<ikA >áÍxkA Lisð cIlGFfuksm >phluj alyk'k t'fln\; -åJuf[ alrk,jdegjznrdX akfhluisuÓlA TÙgA >phkdxln\; QgkeSî[ TÙgA >phkdsx @dykÌ\@ -uj dÞfjhlujgj]lA daUonjcÙjsð -pUeglwuA cA.ijØf\;
cIdlgUcIÙ\ t'fkA ark,Usð ijdlcÙjSðukA cIlGöfukSmukA % cIlGöf t' epA Tijsm BlrkeSulzjØjgj]k'f\ YefjShlaegaluj}Ó[ ayjØ\[ Qgk alrk,jdfIguksm covdaluj}ln\% YefJdaln\; LÍsrujgjS][ Lfjsr rjS,Pj]k' -CuÍX]\ TÙgA >phkdX cao<Ùjsð akRejH caGÌj]lrldnA; TsÓæjH[ - -CuÍX ark,Usr' wJijuksm akRejH eglwusÌmkA; ije¸iA t' -CuÙjsð Selglu±ukA Lijsmuln\; ije¸iÍX cA.ij]kd[ LfjwJij]lrkÒ vjh ark,Ugksm fIg aohaln\; eSî[ LfjwJirA clPUalulH[ akRSel}kdkfj]lrkÒ fIgsu KÐJijÌj]k' Q'kA fs' ije¸iÙjr\ YeplrA svÕlR clPj]k'jÓ; - fIgu\]k >phluj tsïæjhkA akRSel}k siu\]lR ije¸iÙjr\ dqjukdukajÓ; dlgnA[ ije¸iA tSÌlqkA Qgk YefjYeiGÙraln\; LSagj]R stdUrlmkdxjH vjhujmÍxjH dlnsÌmk' -aj,\ cao<Ísx tmk]kd; efjsr}\%esÙlRef\ roMlÞkdxjsh |flrkA wJijfgJfjdX TSÌlqkA fkmgk' cao<ÍX; ShldÙjsh |sflgk dÑUonjì\ glwUSÙ]lxPjdA Scl,Uhjì\ iUiëjfjujH wJij]k' cao<Íxlnji; -åJufukA elgÝgUÍxkA ijCIlcaohUÍxkA sdlÞ\ fJYicIdlgUfu\]\ >pH rjGÑjØ cao<ÍX; TÙgA >phkdX rHdlR clPj]lÙjmSÙlxA dÑUonjcA Qgk cIeºcjßlïA alYfaluj LiSC,j]ksa'k dgkflSr clPj]o; eSî[ Scl,UhjcÙjsð fky' caJerA[ Lfjsr domkfH YelSulzjdal]k'k;
TïUujsh glY,¶Ju%clao<jd cl<vgUÙjH[ Qgk ijvjïrÙjr\ TïUujsh Tmfkeî]lG fÕlyldnA; |flrkA SvlpUÍX ixsg Yecíaln\;
Q'\[ Qgk ije¸iÙjhosmukÒ .gnalMA TïUujH YelSulzjdalSnl# TïUujsh selfkwrlPjefUsÙ LAzJdgj]k'jmSÙlxA dlhA Tf\ LYelSulzjdA alYfaÓ[ ayjØ\[ LfUïA LedmdgikA .gnZmru\]\ tfjgluj}kÒfkA domjuln\; gÞ\[ cIdlgUcIÙ\ iUíjuksm LidlCalsn' TïUujsh clao<jddlq\ØÌlmjsr fØkmu\]lR TmfkeîÙjr\ -dkSal# LfkA clPUaÓ t'\ fJGÙkeyulA; Lfjrk eh dlgnÍxkÞ\; Q'\[ cIdlgUcIÙjsð >phjsð L.liA; gÞ\[ TïUujsh |MikA fJYialu daUonjì\ arëjfjukÒ -X SelhkA cIdlgUcIÙ\ KÒirkA[ Lf\ ixGÙnsa'kÒ -Yz<akÒirkaln\ % LfjH sfsMsïæjhkaksÞ'\ BlR ijiîj]k'jÓ[ dlgnA Lf\ ark,Uc<waln\;
cIdlgUcIÙkA selfkwrlPjefUikA rjhrjH]k' cao<A Lmjëlregaluj akfhlxjÙclÝÙjdiUië ejïkmgk'flujgj]kA; akfhlxjÙA t'f\ dkÙdakfhlxjÙA alYfaÓ; dihujH cIïA enajy]j Qgk eJmjd fky'\ dØimA svÕk'irkA[ Lisð ssdujHrj'\ cIïA enA rHdj >J/j ilÍj]k' Qgk dohjÌnj]lgrkA akfhlxjÙclÝÙjdiUiëuksm Tmelmkdxksm gÞkiCÍX alYfaln\; akfhlxjÙsÙ]kyjØkÒ ijaGCrÍxjH rÑksm >kßjwJijdX dÏmØkijmk' Qgk cfUalnjf\; akfhlxjÙA dkmjsdlÒk'f\ LA>lrjuksm z¸lc³\ sdl}lgÍxjH alYfaÓ; Lfjsð LmjÙy rÑksm cao<Ùjsð wJijfgJfjujhln\; SwUlfj>ckijsð Yec¹lirsu TO cl<vgUÙjH SinA rlA arc³jhl]lR; TïUujsh |fk dÑUonjìkdlgSr]lxkaPjdA .gnÙjhjgk' % .gnA tSÌlqkA Qgk YeiGÙraln\[ YefjYeiGÙraÓ% -X arc³jhl]ju cfUA LmØlSîej]lrkÒflsn'\ trj].jYeluajÓ; TïUujsh salÙA clÝÙjdYeiGÙÍxksm CfalrsamkÙlH dkÙdakfhlxjdxksm TmelmkdX ixsg fkøaln\; ajØakÒ clÝÙjd TmelmkdX rmÙk'f\[ Tmfkeî]lgkXsÌsmukÒ clPlgnselfkwraln\; TO eØcfUA LAzJdgj]kd alYfSa SwUlfj>ck svu¹j}kÒo;
y,UujH |flÞ\ Qgk roMlÞjrk akRe\ rm' ije¸isÙsØlÓj KOMA sdlÒk'fjrkedgA[ rlA svSÕÞf\[ dÑUonjcÙjsð cIeºcjßlïÍxjHrj'\ alyj[ Scl,UhjcÙjsð YelSulzjdiCÍX tÍsr rmÌjhl]lA t'k vjïj]kd t'kÒfln\; akfhlxjÙA t' clÝÙjdiUiëujHÙs'[ wrrê SdYòJdgjØ\ YeiGÙj]lrkÒ ruÍX goesÌmkÙkd t'kÒfln\ TïUujsh Tmfkeî]lgsð TSÌlqsÙ vgjYfegalu dma; roSyl Tgk'oSyl iG,ÍX]kSC,A Qgk ije¸iA rm]ksa'kA LfjrkSiÞj rÑX TSÌlSq YeiGÙj]nsa'kA YecAzj]k'f\ demfuln\; eÙkiG,ÍX]kSC,akÒ ShldÙjsð vjYfA igu\]lR ssPgUakÒ[ dqjikÒ tYf SegkÞ\# .lijujsh fhakydxkSm clao<jdvkMkelmkdX Yeivj]kduÓ T'sÙ Srfl]xksm KÙgilpjfIA;
cIlGöfukA ixGØSulmkÒ fIgukA wJrkdxjH LhjÎkSvG'j}kÒ ark,Ugln\ rÑsx'\ fjgjØyjukdukA[ TïUujsh selfkwrlPjefUiUiëukA akfhlxjÙclÝÙjdgJfjukA LAzJdgj]kdukA SYelñl<jÌj]kdukA svÕk'igln\ rÑsx'\ arc³jhl]kdukA[ iUíjuksm K'arikA cao<Ùjsð K'arikA QgkajÌjØksdlÞkSeldlR dqjuksa'k arc³jhl]kdukA[ LÙgA YeiGÙrÍxkA ruegjelmjdxkA goesÌmkÙkduln\ svSÕÞsf'kA TmfkeîA LAzJdgjS]Þjujgj]k'k; rÑX Scl,UH s/SalYdlMkdxln\; Lfk arc³jhl]jujsÓæjH[ TmfkeîA t'kA ssigkßUÙjsð YefJdalujgj]kA; st;mj; iUiclusÙ tfjG]kilR si>\sscM\ enjuk'iG; cIdlgUijpUl.UlcsÙ SdgxÙjH tfjGÙj}\ a]sx aykrl}jsh cIdlgUijpUlhuÍxjH e_jÌj]k'iG; dØimÙjH KeS.lílijsr KOMjÌjqjÎj}\ cIdlgUcIÙjsrfjsg YecAzj]k'iG; LA>lrjuksm eØ]yj]m fdGÙj}\ cIïA dm ëlej]k'iG;
TïUsuSÌlshlgk ejS'l]glwUÙjH |sy SiSglSmÞjujgk' dÑUonjì\ vjïlzfj ihjsulgk eglwualufjSr]kyjØ\ TijmksÙ >kßjwJijdX]\ tïlnk eyukilrkÒf\# akdxjH covjÌjØ ssigkßUÍX Qgk dÑUonjìkdlgSðfkalYfaln\[ Qgk Scl,UH s/SalYdlMjSðfÓ; dÝUo}G tïjr\ t'Ó rÑX SvlpjS]Þf\[ ayjØ\[ tSÌlX[ tijsm[ tÍsr t'ln\; TO >Oßjdalu fjgjØyji\ TmfkeîA dlnj]k'fjsð covruln\ SwUlfj>ckijsð Yec¹lirsuæjH[ Lfk rÓfkfs';
